Spyglasses Blog

Research, playbooks, and data on AI visibility. How brands earn citations in ChatGPT, Google AI Overviews, Gemini, and Perplexity.

You Can Track Claude Through the API. Just Not With Sonnet.
#AI Search Visibility#Claude#AI visibility tracking#model choice#research
You Can Track Claude Through the API. Just Not With Sonnet.

Claude is the easiest AI assistant to leave out of visibility tracking, because every answer is a paid API call. We tested whether the API can stand in for claude.ai on 40 B2B buying questions. Opus 5.5 came close. Sonnet and Haiku named a different set of brands.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

10/2/2026

How to Map a Category in AI Answers
#PR#Agencies#How-to#Workflows#Category Tracking
How to Map a Category in AI Answers

Buyers ask AI who the options are long before they type anybody's brand name. Here's how to map a whole market, see which brands AI actually names, and watch the ranking move every day.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

9/18/2026

How to Turn a Category Map Into Prospects
#Agencies#PR#New Business#How-to#Workflows
How to Turn a Category Map Into Prospects

A ranking of who AI names in a market is also a list of who it barely names. Here's how to read that list for the brands worth calling, and open the pitch with their own numbers instead of your credentials.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

9/18/2026

How to Watch the Narrative in a Category
#PR#How-to#Workflows#Key Messages#Category Tracking
How to Watch the Narrative in a Category

Every market has a story AI keeps repeating, and a short list of publishers it takes that story from. Here's how to write the claims down, track them daily, and find the outlets that set the terms.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

9/18/2026

ChatGPT Already Knows Your Domain. Here's What That Changes.
#AI Search Visibility#grounding searches#site consultations#AEO#GEO#domain migration#research
ChatGPT Already Knows Your Domain. Here's What That Changes.

We asked ChatGPT about 48 brands twice a day for ten days and recorded which site it chose to search. It picked the right domain in over 98% of calls in every tier, including brands whose domain has nothing to do with their name. The one thing it doesn't forget is a domain you used to have.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

9/14/2026

How to See Which Sites AI Trusts (and Fix the Ones It Gets Wrong)
#PR#How-to#Workflows#Citations#AI Search Visibility
How to See Which Sites AI Trusts (and Fix the Ones It Gets Wrong)

Sometimes an AI assistant skips the open web and reads one specific site before it answers. Which site it picks tells you who it already trusts, and when it picks an address that looks like yours but isn't, your authority is landing somewhere you don't control. Here's how to read that list weekly and correct the wrong entries.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

9/9/2026

How to Govern AI Crawlers on Your Site Without Losing AI Visibility
#In-house#How-to#Workflows#AI Traffic#AI Search Visibility
How to Govern AI Crawlers on Your Site Without Losing AI Visibility

Blocking AI crawlers without hurting your AI search visibility comes down to which agents you block, not which companies. Here's how to set a crawler policy on purpose, enforce it where it holds, and confirm you didn't cut off the assistants sending you customers.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

9/8/2026

How to Track AI Visibility Through a Merger
#PR#How-to#Workflows#Mergers and Acquisitions#AI Search Visibility
How to Track AI Visibility Through a Merger

When two companies combine, AI assistants keep answering as if nothing happened. Customers ask whether the acquired product still exists and get last year's answer. Here's how comms teams track both names through announcement, close, and migration, and prove when the market finally caught up.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

9/7/2026

How to Monitor What AI Says About Your Brand
#In-house#How-to#Workflows#Brand Safety#AI Search Visibility
How to Monitor What AI Says About Your Brand

Legal and comms want to know when an AI assistant says something harmful about your brand, and where it came from. Social listening won't tell you; AI answers aren't posts and nobody reports them. Here's the monitoring setup that catches a risky claim early, shows how often it surfaces, and traces it back to the sources feeding it.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

9/6/2026

How to Build Executive Visibility in AI Answers
#PR#How-to#Workflows#Executive Communications#AI Search Visibility
How to Build Executive Visibility in AI Answers

When a reporter, an investor, or a candidate asks an AI assistant who your CEO is, the answer comes from whatever the model can find about them. Here's the workflow comms teams use to track an executive as their own subject, measure how accurately AI describes them, compare them against real peers instead of rival companies, and watch the number move.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

9/5/2026

How to Connect Content Work to AI Visibility
#In-house#How-to#Workflows#Content Strategy#AI Search Visibility
How to Connect Content Work to AI Visibility

Your team shipped 40 pages last quarter and AI visibility went up 6 points. Did the content do that? Most teams can't answer, because nothing connects what they published to what the number did. Here's the setup that ties a specific batch of content to a specific measurable change, using page groups, project goals, and dated release markers.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

9/4/2026

How to Measure AI Search Visibility in a New Market
#Agencies#How-to#Workflows#Local Search#AI Search Visibility
How to Measure AI Search Visibility in a New Market

How do you measure AI search visibility in a new city, region, or country? Not with your blended brand number, because that's mostly made of the market you already own. Here's the setup agencies use to track a new market on its own line, from the location scope through local competitors, local prompts, local goals, and per-market share of voice.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

9/3/2026

How to Track Campaign Visibility in AI Answers
#PR#How-to#Workflows#Earned Media#AI Search Visibility
How to Track Campaign Visibility in AI Answers

A campaign report full of placements says the outreach worked. It doesn't say whether AI assistants picked up the story, repeated your messages, or ever read the outlets you pitched. Here's how PR teams track a campaign in AI answers from kickoff through the retrospective, using the same flight dates and target list they already have.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

9/2/2026

AI Has a List of Sites It Trusts. Here's How to Get On It.
#AI Search Visibility#AI citations#grounding searches#AEO#GEO#PR#earned media
AI Has a List of Sites It Trusts. Here's How to Get On It.

New Spyglasses research classifies the sites AI consults directly instead of searching the open web. The list is institutional, high-authority, and there's a specific kind of page that gets you on it.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

9/1/2026

How to Time Content Updates to AI Recrawl Cadence
#In-house#How-to#Workflows#AI Search Visibility#Content Strategy
How to Time Content Updates to AI Recrawl Cadence

Most content updates take two to six weeks to show up in AI answers, because nothing changes until a crawler comes back and re-reads the page. Here's how in-house marketing teams measure their real recrawl cadence, find the pages that never get refetched, and stop scheduling work and reports against a timeline that doesn't exist.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

9/1/2026

How to Fix Pages Competing for the Same Query
#Content#How-to#Workflows#Content Strategy#AI Search Visibility
How to Fix Pages Competing for the Same Query

Two of your pages answer the same question, so AI search can't tell which one to cite and neither one wins. Here's how content teams find overlapping pages, pick the canonical one, and consolidate or differentiate the rest without losing the traffic they already have.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

8/31/2026

How to Displace a Competitor in AI Answers
#Agencies#How-to#Workflows#Competitive Analysis#AI Search Visibility
How to Displace a Competitor in AI Answers

How do you outrank a competitor in AI answers? Agencies find the exact grounding searches a rival owns in ChatGPT, Gemini, and Perplexity, the pages holding those spots, and the third-party sources feeding them. Here's the quarter-long workflow, step by step.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

8/30/2026

How to Track a Rebrand in AI Answers
#PR#How-to#Workflows#Rebranding#AI Search Visibility
How to Track a Rebrand in AI Answers

You can change the name on your website in an afternoon. AI assistants keep answering with the old one for months, because they read a web that hasn't caught up yet. Here's how comms teams measure the switch and find the sources holding it back.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

8/29/2026

How to See Which Bots Are Crawling Your Site
#In-house#How-to#Workflows#AI Traffic#AI Search Visibility
How to See Which Bots Are Crawling Your Site

Your analytics tool shows you almost none of the traffic hitting your site. Bots don't run JavaScript, so they never appear. Here's how to count them at the server, tell an AI assistant apart from a model trainer, and decide who stays welcome.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

8/28/2026

How to Find Content Gaps From Real AI Questions
#Content#How-to#Workflows#Content Strategy#AI Search Visibility#AI Visibility
How to Find Content Gaps From Real AI Questions

Keyword tools tell you what people type into a search box. AI assistants ask their own questions before they answer, and those questions are a much better content brief. Here's how to collect them, find the ones you never answered, and close the gap.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

8/27/2026

How to Build Monthly AI Visibility Client Reports
#Agencies#How-to#Workflows#Client Reporting#AI Search Visibility#AI Visibility
How to Build Monthly AI Visibility Client Reports

Most monthly AI visibility reports are a pile of screenshots assembled the day before the call. Here's how to build one that takes an hour, explains every movement on the chart, and survives the question every client eventually asks.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

8/26/2026

How to Optimize a Press Release for AI Citation Before It Goes Out
#PR#How-to#Workflows#AI Citation#Press Release#AI Search Visibility
How to Optimize a Press Release for AI Citation Before It Goes Out

A press release gets one shot before it hits the wire. Score the draft against a real AI query while it's still a document on your desk, not after it's synced, syndicated, and indexed with whatever weaknesses it shipped with.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

8/11/2026

How to Launch a Product With AI Visibility From Day One
#In-house#How-to#Workflows#Product Launch#AI Search Visibility
How to Launch a Product With AI Visibility From Day One

A new product has no AI visibility history to compare against, so most teams wait until after launch to start tracking it. Set up the property, the prompts, and the competitors before launch day, and the first weeks of AI answers become measurable instead of anecdotal.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

8/10/2026

How to Check a Draft for AI Citation Before Publishing
#Content#How-to#Workflows#AI Citation#AI Search Visibility
How to Check a Draft for AI Citation Before Publishing

A spelling check catches typos before a draft goes out. This is the same idea for AI citation. Paste a draft in before it's live, score it against the query it should win, and fix what's broken while it's still cheap to fix.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

8/9/2026

How to Prospect New Clients with AI Visibility Reports
#Agencies#New Business#How-to#Workflows#AI Search Visibility
How to Prospect New Clients with AI Visibility Reports

A cold pitch deck gets skimmed. A report showing exactly where a prospect is losing ground in AI search gets read twice. Here's the four-step workflow for turning a list of domains into a batch of pitch-ready AI visibility reports.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

8/8/2026

How to Build a PR Pitch List AI Can Actually See
#PR#How-to#Workflows#Earned Media#Placements
How to Build a PR Pitch List AI Can Actually See

A media list ranked by reach can still be full of outlets AI never reads. Here's how to score outlets before you pitch, price the placement before you negotiate, and confirm the value after the story runs.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

8/7/2026

How to Find and Fix AI Citation Blockers
#In-house#How-to#Workflows#AI Citation#Site Audit
How to Find and Fix AI Citation Blockers

A full-site audit hands you a list of a hundred things wrong with your pages. Not all of them are stopping AI from citing you. Here's how to tell the difference, fix what actually matters, and prove the fix worked.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

8/6/2026

We Matched Synthetic Prompts to Real Human Intent. The Brand List Transferred. The Percentages Didn't.
#Research#AI Search Visibility#Prompt Tracking#Share of Voice#Methodology
We Matched Synthetic Prompts to Real Human Intent. The Brand List Transferred. The Percentages Didn't.

Four days ago we published a bet. Match a synthetic prompt panel to how real buyers actually ask, and it should mirror a human panel completely. We ran the test with the predictions registered in advance. Half the bet paid, and the half that failed turns out to be the more useful result.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

8/6/2026

How to Win a Target AI Grounding Search
#Content#How-to#Workflows#AI Citation#AI Search Visibility
How to Win a Target AI Grounding Search

A content brief that says "we need to win this query" starts in a different place than a page you're already trying to fix. Here's the query-first process for picking the right page, scoring it against the exact search AI runs, and revising until it actually ranks.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

8/5/2026

How to Baseline Your Brand's AI Visibility
#Agencies#AI Visibility Baseline#How-to#Workflows#AI Search Visibility
How to Baseline Your Brand's AI Visibility

A new client signs, or a prospect takes your call, and the first real question is the same either way. How visible is this brand in AI search right now? Here's the five-step playbook for turning a domain name into a baseline that holds up.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

8/4/2026

How to Connect Earned Media to AI Visibility
#PR#Earned Media#How-to#Workflows#AI Search Visibility
How to Connect Earned Media to AI Visibility

A placement report says the story ran. It doesn't say whether AI ever read it. Here's how to connect a campaign's earned media to what AI assistants actually cite, and report the number that proves the work.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

8/2/2026

We Tested Our Own Synthetic Prompts Against 143 Real Humans
#Research#AI Search Visibility#Prompt Tracking#Share of Voice#Methodology
We Tested Our Own Synthetic Prompts Against 143 Real Humans

Critics say AI share of voice from synthetic prompts measures nothing real. Instead of arguing, we ran the test on our own prompt generator, against 143 prompts written by real people, and published every number. What we found changes how you should read your dashboard.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

8/2/2026

How to Measure AI as a Marketing Channel
#In-house#How-to#Workflows#AI Traffic#AI Search Visibility
How to Measure AI as a Marketing Channel

Your dashboard has a line for paid, organic, email, and social. It probably doesn't have one for AI, so the channel is invisible even when it's working. Here's how to build that line, using the traffic you already have.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

8/1/2026

How to Optimize Existing Content for AI Citation
#Content#How-to#Workflows#AI Citation#AI Search Visibility
How to Optimize Existing Content for AI Citation

Most of your citation opportunity isn't in content you haven't written yet. It's sitting on your site already, one fixable gate away from getting picked up. A step-by-step playbook for finding those pages, diagnosing why AI skips them, and fixing what's actually broken.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

7/31/2026

How to Run Crisis Communications When AI Is Repeating the Story
#PR#Crisis Communications#How-to#Workflows#AI Search Visibility
How to Run Crisis Communications When AI Is Repeating the Story

When a negative story breaks, people don't just read the news. They ask AI about it. A step-by-step playbook for comms teams to find out what AI is saying, trace where it comes from, and measure whether the response is landing.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

7/30/2026

How to Track Your Brand's AI Visibility Over Time
#Agencies#AI Visibility Tracking#How-to#Workflows#AI Search Visibility
How to Track Your Brand's AI Visibility Over Time

A one-time report tells a client where they stand today. Tracking is what proves your work moved the needle. A step-by-step playbook for turning a baseline AI visibility snapshot into a nightly system that catches real movement, not noise.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

7/30/2026

A Modest Defense of Prompt Tracking
#prompt tracking#AI visibility#GEO#AEO#methodology
A Modest Defense of Prompt Tracking

The critics of AI visibility tools are right about more than our industry wants to admit. Here's what a defensible version of prompt tracking looks like, question by question.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

7/29/2026

How People Word a Prompt Changes Whether AI Recommends You
#prompt tracking#AI visibility#ChatGPT#brand mentions#research#AEO
How People Word a Prompt Changes Whether AI Recommends You

We re-ran SparkToro's prompt study with 143 real people's prompts against ChatGPT, daily for a week. The market leaders showed up no matter how people asked. Everyone else's fate depended on the wording. Here's what to do about it.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

7/23/2026

You're Wasting Money on Prompt Tracking (Updated for 2026)
#prompt tracking#AI SEO#GEO#AEO#AI Search Visibility
You're Wasting Money on Prompt Tracking (Updated for 2026)

If all you're doing is tracking prompts, you're paying to see data you can't act on. Here's what to focus on instead.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

7/23/2026

Only One AI Answer Engine Points People to the Right Moment in Your Video
#YouTube#Google AI Overviews#video SEO#AI visibility#citations#PR
Only One AI Answer Engine Points People to the Right Moment in Your Video

A new Spyglasses study found that Google AI Overviews deep-links to the exact second in a YouTube video 44% of the time. ChatGPT, Gemini, and Perplexity never do. Here's what that means for video in your AI visibility plan.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

7/13/2026

The Authority Signal AI Learned Before It Ever Heard of Your Brand
#common crawl#AI training data#earned media#harmonic centrality#PageRank#PR#AI visibility
The Authority Signal AI Learned Before It Ever Heard of Your Brand

Before an AI model ever answers a question about your brand, it's already decided which websites it trusts. That call comes from Common Crawl, and one number predicts it well. Here's what PR and marketing leaders need to know.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

7/1/2026

How to Write a Press Release ChatGPT Will Cite (2026 Guide)
#AI citations#AI search#press release#GEO#AEO#content optimization#ChatGPT
How to Write a Press Release ChatGPT Will Cite (2026 Guide)

Use AI visibility data to optimize content for AI citations: the 8 gates ChatGPT runs before quoting a page, plus how to test a draft pre-publish.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

6/29/2026

Is AI Blocking Your Best Media Placements?
#AI visibility#robots.txt#earned media#PR#AI search#news outlets#AI policy
Is AI Blocking Your Best Media Placements?

We checked the robots.txt policies of the top 51 U.S. news outlets. 61% block AI assistants from citing their content. Here's what that means for your earned media strategy.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

3/4/2026

Measuring AI Visibility Before and After a Content Refresh
#AEO#AI Readiness#Content Strategy#Site Audit#Content Refresh
Measuring AI Visibility Before and After a Content Refresh

Content refreshes often improve AI readiness and SEO at the same time, but the AI impact usually goes unmeasured. Here's how to change that.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

3/2/2026

Using AI Readiness Scores to Validate SEO Work
#AEO#AI Readiness#SEO#Site Audit#Agency Reporting
Using AI Readiness Scores to Validate SEO Work

Good SEO work often improves AI citation readiness as a side effect. Running an AI Readiness Audit before and after proves it.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

3/2/2026

Adding an AI Readiness Audit to Your Website Redesign Deliverables
#AEO#AI Readiness#Site Audit#Website Redesign#Agency Deliverables
Adding an AI Readiness Audit to Your Website Redesign Deliverables

Website redesigns can help or hurt AI citation readiness. A scored before/after audit shows which, and gives agencies a deliverable most rivals don't offer.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

3/1/2026

How to Use AI Visibility Data to Win New Clients
#AEO#AI Visibility#Agency Growth#Lead Generation#Sales
How to Use AI Visibility Data to Win New Clients

Generate prospect-specific AI visibility insights in minutes from a domain name. Turn a cold pitch into a data-backed conversation.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

2/28/2026

How Agencies Use AI Audits to Win and Retain Clients
#AEO#AI Visibility#Agency Growth#AI Readiness#Site Audit
How Agencies Use AI Audits to Win and Retain Clients

The gap between AI visibility scores and client results is where agencies lose deals. Two tools close that gap.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

2/27/2026

The Best AI Visibility Tools for PR Firms in 2026
#PR#SOV#How-to#AI Search Visibility#Comparison
The Best AI Visibility Tools for PR Firms in 2026

Demonstrating the ROI of PR means more than just tracking share of voice in prompts.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

1/12/2026

Your 2026 Content Marketing Budget Should Be $0
#content marketing#marketing budget#AI optimization#SEO#content strategy
Your 2026 Content Marketing Budget Should Be $0

What if you built an SEO article for a long-tail keyword with 33 Rank Difficulty, and nobody came?

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

1/12/2026

Your 2026 Website Redesign Budget Should Be $0
#website redesign#marketing budget#AI optimization#web design#ROI
Your 2026 Website Redesign Budget Should Be $0

ChatGPT gets 3.2B visits monthly with 89% never clicking through. Your $100K website redesign optimizes for customers who aren't coming. Here's where they actually are.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

1/12/2026

What To Do Differently Now That Google's AI Mode Is Now Live
#Google AI Mode#search analytics#AI traffic#SEO#Google Search Console
What To Do Differently Now That Google's AI Mode Is Now Live

Google's AI Mode has rolled out to all US users and now counts in Search Console data. But the most important metric—how often AI mentions your business without sending clicks—remains invisible.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

1/10/2026

11 Questions Your AI SEO Strategy Should Answer
#AI SEO#brand visibility#ChatGPT#Claude#Perplexity#AI strategy#search optimization
11 Questions Your AI SEO Strategy Should Answer

11 essential questions to ask yourself to measure if your AI SEO strategy is actually effective.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

1/9/2026

Tools to Measure AI Search Visibility: A Buyer's Guide for 2025
#AI SEO#AEO#GEO#AI Search Visibility#Comparison
Tools to Measure AI Search Visibility: A Buyer's Guide for 2025

What to look for in an AI Visibility Tracking platform for your agency in 2025.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

1/8/2026

Why AI Conversion Metrics Are the New Gold Standard for Online Businesses
#AI analytics#conversion metrics#digital marketing#sales funnel#ROI
Why AI Conversion Metrics Are the New Gold Standard for Online Businesses

Traditional conversion metrics miss a huge part of your sales funnel. Learn how AI conversion rates help you optimize for the future of customer discovery.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

1/7/2026

Should You Block AI From Using Your Website's Data?
#AI#web crawling#data protection#SEO#content strategy
Should You Block AI From Using Your Website's Data?

With AI models increasingly crawling the web for training data, website owners face a critical decision. Learn when to block AI crawlers and when to welcome them.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

1/6/2026

Do I Need an LLMs.txt for My Website?
#LLMs.txt#AI crawlers#web standards#data protection#AI policy
Do I Need an LLMs.txt for My Website?

Does adding an LLMs.txt to your site actually do anything? See what our data shows.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

1/5/2026

AI Citation Tracking Tools
#AI SEO#AEO#GEO#AI citations#AI Search Visibility#Comparison
AI Citation Tracking Tools

How to Monitor Brand Mentions in ChatGPT, Google AI Overviews, Claude & Perplexity.

Jim Wrubel

Jim Wrubel

1/4/2026

AI Visibility & AEO Insights | Spyglasses Blog